Oleh: M.A.Yulianto.*)
Beberapa metoda statistik memerlukan adanya asumsi kesamaan varians sebagai salah satu syarat dapat digunakannya metoda statistik tersebut sebagai metoda analisis seperti penggunaan uji-F pada uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji t pada uji kesamaan rata-rata. Uji levene (levene 1960) digunakan untuk menguji kesamaan varians dari beberapa populasi. Uji levene merupakan uji alternatif dari uji Bartlett. Jika ada bukti yang kuat bahwa data berdistribusi normal atau mendekati normal, maka uji Bartlett lebih baik digunakan. Uji Bartlett dibahas pada sesi tulisan yang lain (lihat pada sesi tulisan UJI BARTLETT). Hipotesa yang digunakan pada uji ini adalah sebagai berikut:
Contoh:
Sebuah perusahaan minuman “diet soda” sedang memikirkan tiga warna alternatif untuk minuman kalengnya yaitu: merah, kuning, dan biru. Untuk mengecek apakah warna kaleng akan mempengaruhi penjualan, 18 toko yang mempunyai fasilitas hampir sama dipilih sebagai sampel. Minuman dengan kaleng warna merah dijual dilima toko terpilih, kaleng warna kuning dijual dienam toko, dan kaleng warna biru dijual disisa toko lainnya. Setelah beberapa hari, jumlah penjualan pada setiap toko dicatat, hasilnya seperti dibawah ini (dalam ratusan kaleng):
Merah : 40, 52, 59, 53, 61.
Kuning : 50, 35, 38, 76, 74, 45.
Biru : 55, 33, 35, 64, 70, 80, 75.
Ujilah apakah varians penjualan minuman untuk tiga warna tersebut adalah sama.
Sampai bertemu pada sesi tulisan yang lain, selamat menikmati statistik.
Jika ada pertanyaan dapat di kirim ke alamat e-mail: yuliantoyorki@yahoo.com
*) Penulis adalah dosen di Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Statistik, Jakarta.
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